He went on to the University of Olomouc after graduating, where he studied many disciplines, including physics and philosophy. He attended the University from to and was forced to take a year off due to illness. In , he followed his calling into the priesthood and entered the Augustinian Abbey of St.
Thomas in Brno. Upon entering the Abbey, Johann took the first name Gregor as a symbol of his religious life. He was sent to study at the University of Vienna in and returned to the abbey as a teacher of physics.
Gregor also cared for the garden and had a set of bees on the abbey grounds. In , Mendel was made an abbot of the abbey. Gregor Mendel is best known for his work with his pea plants in the abbey gardens. He spent about seven years planting, breeding and cultivating pea plants in an experimental part of the abbey garden that was started by the previous abbot.
Through meticulous record-keeping, Mendel's experiments with pea plants became the basis for modern genetics. Mendel chose pea plants as his experimental plant for many reasons.
First of all, pea plants take very little outside care and grow quickly. They also have both male and female reproductive parts, so they can either cross-pollinate or self-pollinate. Perhaps most importantly, pea plants seem to show one of only two variations of many characteristics.
This made the data much more clear-cut and easier to work with. Mendel's first experiments focused on one trait at a time, and on gathering data on the variations present for several generations. These were called monohybrid experiments. He studied a total of seven characteristics. His findings showed that there were some variations that were more likely to show up over the other variations.
When he bred purebred peas of differing variations, he found that in the next generation of pea plants one of the variations disappeared. When that generation was left to self-pollinate, the next generation showed a 3 to 1 ratio of the variations. He called the one that seemed to be missing from the first filial generation "recessive" and the other "dominant," since it seemed to hide the other characteristic. Using the example of seed color, his results showed that when a yellow pea and a green pea were bred together their offspring plant was always yellow.
However, in the next generation of plants, the green peas reappeared at a ratio of In the preceding example, green peas are recessive and yellow peas are dominant. Mendel never enjoyed recognition in his lifetime. Its rediscovery prompted the foundation of genetics. In he entered the Augustinian Abbey of St. Born Johann Mendel, he took the name Gregor upon entering monastic life. In he was ordained as a priest. In he was sent to the University of Vienna to study, returning to his abbey in as a teacher, principally of physics.
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